Free Essay on the Grangerfords’ World in Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - The Grangerfords’ World   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Huckleberry Finn provides the narrative voice of Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and his honest voice combined with his personal vulnerabilities reveal the different levels of the Grangerfords’ world. Huck is without a family: neither the drunken attention of Pap nor the pious ministrations of Widow Douglas were desirable allegiance. He stumbles upon the Grangerfords in darkness, lost from Jim and the raft. The family, after some initial cross-examination, welcomes, feeds and rooms Huck with an amiable boy his age. With the light of the next morning, Huck estimates "it was a mighty nice family, and a mighty nice house, too"(110). This is the first of many compliments Huck bestows on the Grangerfords and their possessions. Huck is impressed by all of the Grangerfords’ belongings and liberally offers compliments. The books are piled on the table "perfectly exact"(111), the table had a cover made from "beautiful oilcloth"(111), and a book was filled with "beautiful stuff and poetry"(111). He even appraises the chairs, noting they are "nice split-bottom chairs, and perfectly sound, too--not bagged down in the middle and busted, like an old basket"(111). It is apparent Huck is more familiar with busted chairs than sound ones, and he appreciates the distinction. Huck is also more familiar with flawed families than loving, virtuous ones, and he is happy to sing the praises of the people who took him in. Col. Grangerford "was a gentleman all over; and so was his family"(116). The Colonel was kind, well-mannered, quiet and far from frivolish. Everyone wanted to be around him, and he gave Huck confidence. Unlike the drunken Pap, the Colonel dressed well, was clean-shaven and his face had "not a sign of red in it anywheres" (116). Huck admired how the Colonel gently ruled his family with hints of a submerged temper. The same temper exists in one of his daughters: "she had a look that would make you wilt in your tracks, like her father. She was beautiful"(117). Huck does not think negatively of the hints of iron in the people he is happy to care for and let care for him. He does not ask how three of the Colonels’s sons died, or why the family brings guns to family picnics. He sees these as small facets of a family with "a handsome lot of quality" (118).

How Relevant is Reith’s Idea of Public Service Broadcasting in Relation to Contemporary Television? Essay

The beginning of the 20th century saw the dawn of a new form of power. A means to communicate with thousands, and eventually millions of people simultaneously, to convey your ideas across a whole nation in a matter of seconds. This power was broadcasting. Broadcasting at the time was seen as a public utility, and as the wave spectrum was limited, the government got involved in its distribution. It decided the best way to fund broadcasting was a license fee. A British Broadcasting Company (which in 1927 would become the British Broadcasting Corporation) was formed, and on November 14th 1922, after over a million ten-shilling licenses were sold, it started transmissions. The first managing director of this company was John Reith, a Scotsman with a background in engineering. When he signed up for the job he did not even know what broadcasting meant, and yet he would very soon shape the future of broadcasting in Britain for the next 80 years. In 1925, for the Crawford report, Reith was asked for his opinion on broadcasting. He came up with several ideas about it, ideas that are still in use to this very day. He also came up with this phrase: Public Service Broadcasting. Reith believed that broadcasting should be a public service. It was overseen by the government, controlled by the General Post Office, and paid for by the people who used it. As a public service, public service broadcasting (PSB) should have an ethos, and Reith put forth some ideas that would stay in the PSB charter (and in the BBC’s mission statement) for years to come. One of the utmost concerns of Reith was that PSB had to educate as well as inform. Not only did the BBC have to relate events as they happened but also to educate the masses with science, nature or history programming. We must not forget that in the 1920’s most of the BBC’s listeners would not have had any real education past the age of 14. Another of Reith’s priorities was that all that possessed a wireless anywhere in Great Britain, be it in the center of London or the far end of the Hebrides, could access the BBC’s services. This universality of access would ensure that wherever you lived, you would have the same opportunities to be informed and educated by the BBC, thus putting the whole population on equal terms. Important to Reith as well was the public sector status that the BBC should have. That way it was not run for some anonymous shareholders who would only be interested in higher dividends, but in fact financed by the people who actually listened to it and later watched it. This would ensure that the quality of the programs was rewarded, rather than fulfilling the agenda of a handful of bankers. The BBC also had to lead popular taste rather than follow it. As Richard Hooper, chair of the radio authority said, the BBC had to offer â€Å"the Reithian ‘what audiences need’ not just ‘what audiences want'†. The corporation’s task was to innovate and give the public new areas of thought to explore. However in doing so, the BBC had to remain popular, as it was still the people paying for the programmes productions. The BBC also had to promote social and national unity, making programmes that catered for minority groups, and as the same time, sending out an image of national identity that all these groups could relate to together, thus creating national unity, a difficult task in the United Kingdom which has an â€Å"immensely varied national identity† (John Birt, director general of the BBC 1998) The promotion of democracy was also a major issue, and this was put to the test during the 1926 general strikes. The result was seen as inconclusive by some as Reith only allowed the prime minister to have his say and not the opposing parties. His arguments were that the BBC is the people’s service and the government was the people’s choice, so the BBC backed the government. But above all, Reith wanted the BBC programming to be of exceptionally high standards, and this at every level. The engineering had to be of very high quality, as did the programs. The information contained in them had to be accurate and up to date. â€Å"Our responsibility is to carry into the greatest number of homes everything that is best in every department of human knowledge, endeavour and achievement.†(Lord Reith). Reith also wanted a high moral tone to be respected at all times. Dress codes had to be respected when broadcasting, even if the BBC only produced radio programs at the time. Reith stopped a divorcee violinist playing on the BBC, as divorce was not in accordance with the moral tone of the BBC. Reith had very precise ideas about how he thought public service broadcasting should be run. These ideas were turned into the mission statement of the BBC. However this ethos was thought up nearly 80 years ago. Those 80 years have seen a lot of changes; changes in society that makes our contemporary lifestyle very different from life in the 1920’s. Are Reith’s ideas of public service broadcasting relevant to contemporary television? Can we apply the same ideas we did 80 years ago to media today, or are we forced to modify them? Or even change them completely? Some of Reith’s ideas are actually still applicable to contemporary public service broadcasting, and are still a part of PSB’s ethos. However with the arrival of satellite TV, speciality channels, otherwise known as narrowcasting, some of his ideas seem more difficult to apply to contemporary television. We know have in England four analogue public service broadcasting channels: BBC1, BBC2, Channel 4 and Channel 5. Even though the two latter ones do carry advertising, they are still public service broadcasting channels, in comparison to ITV, which is privately owned. There are some PSB digital channels being rolled out by the BBC, like BBC choice (soon to be replaced by BBC3), Cbeebies, a children’s channel, BBC4 and a learning zone channel). However these are not yet widely available, as not many households possess digital receivers yet. Let us look at the â€Å"terrestrial† channels, and how they measure up to Reith’s ideas. Firstly Reith wanted to inform and educate. BBC1 carries the BBC’s news bulletins as well as documentaries and educational programs. BBC2 carries a lot of educational programs for children in the mornings, many factual programs during peak time in the evening, and learning zone at night. Channel4 also has educational and factual programs but only one news program albeit of high quality. Channel 5 has short news bulletins on the hour every hour and â€Å"super serves for the pre-school age group† (C5 corporate web site).However, these do not make up the most of these channels’ programming grid. The majority of it is filled with dramas, soaps, gameshows and films. The BBC, as do channel 4 and channel 5 now set out to educate, inform and entertain and not necessarily in that order. However a technique known as hammocking which consists of putting a â€Å"low rating† show in between two â€Å"high rating† ones does try and educate us: having finished wa tching one show and waiting for the other, we can learn about the life of wild flies in Africa for instance. Unfortunately, in the days of cable and satellite, when people have scores of channels to chose from, research shows that viewers tend to change over to other channels rather than watching these shows. The competition between the PSB channels and cable or satellite TV is forcing PSB to include more entertainment. Reith wanted PSB to be accessible all over Great Britain. The BBC and C4 have met these requirements. However C5 has not. The reception of this channel is very irregular: good in some areas (depending on the weather), bad in some others, and non-existent in a few areas. Channel 5 is trying to remedy this by being carried by many different technologies: cable, satellite and digital, but not everyone has this diversity of receivers. Public sector status was also one of Reith’s priorities, as it meant independence. The BBC has the same status as it did when it was launched, however it has been forced to start selling its shows abroad to make profits. Channel 4 and channel 5 have both public sector status. Even though they carry advertising, they do not have to report to a board of shareholders. Public service broadcasting had to lead popular taste. The BBC, true to its nature still does, with a wider variety of innovating shows. Channel 4 prides itself as being an innovative and experimental channel, and it does offer us some shows that make us think, even at the cost of risking heavy criticism. This happened in 2001 when a spoof news show â€Å"Brass eye† offended many viewers while trying to make a serious point. Channel 5’s programming however resembles more the private commercial channels’, using lowest common denominator programming. Reith wanted PSB to promote national and social unity, to cater for minority groups, and also to establish a sense of identity. The BBC still caters for many minority groups, showing a wide variety of different genres, from opera ( a typically low rating program) to The Simpsons. Channel 4 carries a very wide spectrum of shows catering for many different minorities: a few years ago it shocked the nation by showing the first totally gay drama â€Å"queer as folk†, but it shows more the different communities in Britain rather than establishing a national unity. The promotion of democracy was also among Reith’s ideas. This is done by the BBC with party political broadcasts, or news shows and satirical takes on the British politics. However occasionally the BBC, especially in times coming up to it’s licence renewal, has been said to favour the government in place at the time, to be sure it’s licence would be renewed as it would like it to be. Channel 4 promotes democracy in the form of documentaries and current affairs programs. One of the most important aspect of Reith’s vision of public service broadcasting was high standards and a high moral tone throughout. High standards for the BBC and channel 4 are usually met. The quality not only of programming but also of the production is one of the highest in Europe. Channel 5’s programming however could not be called high standard. Reith demanded high moral tone. The director general of the BBC John Birt told this anecdote about the BBC under Reith in a speech he made in 1998 to celebrate the 75 years of the corporation: When the most popular comedians of their day, Clapham and Dwyer, had cracked a seaside-postcard joke (which does not quite – I warn you – stand the test of time) ‘What’s the difference between a baby and a champagne cork? One’s got the maker’s name on its bottom’ – they were banned from radio and an apology was broadcast on the Nine O’clock News for their grave lapse of taste. This shows that moral tone has changed in 80 years, and that if PSB were to observe the same moral code as in the 1930’s, TV would not be credible. This kind of tone can only be found in comedy shows like â€Å"Harry Enfield and chums† where we see two characters observing this code. Nowadays, if PSB is to cater for all minorities, the moral code has to change: if any of the public service channels banned a violinist as Reith did because she was a divorcee, they would be fined by regulations authorities. Our society has become much more tolerant, and public service broadcasting reflects this on all channels. Most of Reith’s ideas about PSB are relevant to contemporary PSB channels. However commercial channels do not abide by these ethics. Graham Murdock said that â€Å"audiences are addressed by PSB as citizens, not consumers† as they are by commercial channels. The aim of these channels it to make as much money as they can through advertising, and to achieve this they need ratings. This compromises on quality and does not allow them to do things that PSB can and must: address audiences that advertisers are not interested in, thus catering for everyone. The future is bringing a new challenge: digital channels. These will be able to target much more precise audiences: catering for minorities or better aimed advertising? Only time will tell, but if PSB has managed to survive 80 years, with changes as radical as the introduction of TV, there is no reason to think it will not survive in the digital age. Auntie is here to stay. BIBLIOGRAPHY Articles: A.C. Grayling The man who made the BBC (Financial times 8.10.93) Paul Valley Lost in a moral maze (Independent 26.03.96) Great Scots: lord Reith (Sunday herald 19.12.99) Books: Branston and Stafford (2001) Media student’s book second edition Internet: BBCi http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/743171.stm http://www.bbc.co.uk/thenandnow/history/1920s-1.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/info/news/news245.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/info/news/ieelecture.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/thenandnow/educate_home.shtml Channel 4 http://www.channel4.com/about_c4/promises_2001/promises_intro2.html Cultsock http://www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/media/peacock.html Radio authority http://www.radioauthority.org.uk/newsroom/speeches/archive/A%20Sound%20View%20of%20Public%20Service%20Broadcasting%20-%2029.1.htm

William Shakespeare s Hamlet - Longing For Revenge

Longing for Revenge William Shakespeare was born in England in April of 1564 and was an English poet and playwright . Shakespeare is universally known as the greatest writer in the English language. Shakespeare frequently produced tragedies that are continuously acted out today, along with many plays and sonnets.. Although Shakespeare is seen today as a great writer who changed the world, his reputation did not rise to these heights until around the 19th century. In all of Shakespeare’s astounding plays, Hamlet is by far seen as the most remarkable. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, in its amazing eloquence, was finally produced and acted out in English in 1600. The tragedy, although remarkable, is twice the length of any other play on stage. Shakespeare’s Hamlet is based on the story of a man named Hamlet who has recently lost his father, the king. Although Hamlet is sad, he is strong and believes he can move on, until the ghost of his father appears. The plot of Hamlet begins when Hamlet is haunted by the choice to take revenge on the murderer of his father. Hamlet soon finds out it is his uncle Claudius, who has recently been crowned king in the place of his father. Through a series of encounters with Hamlet and the other characters, the tragedy produces a tragic hero. When faced with tragedy, the heroes will resort to violence, which can be seen in Hamlet through revenge and its increasing issues. A common theme of revenge can be seen throughout the play.Show MoreRelatedAct 3 Scene 3 Of The Greatest Tragedies Written By William Shakespeare818 Words   |  4 PagesOctober 2015 Claudius, An Evil Politician Hamlet, one of the greatest tragedies written by William Shakespeare, is an impactful play where soliloquy plays a significant role. Characters reveal their intentions, inner thoughts and emotions by expressing their feelings out loud that helps advance the plot and also enrich the characters personality. King Claudius, as a primary antagonist and perhaps the most guilt-laden person of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, his soliloquy in Act 3 Scene 3 is the essentialRead More Revenge in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesRevenge in Shakespeares Hamlet In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses revenge as a major theme present throughout the work. Revenge plays a crucial role in the development of Fortinbras, Prince of Norway, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, and Laertes, son of Polonius. All three men seek revenge for the murder of their fathers. Revenge can be interpreted as a separate character in Hamlet. Revenge is set to overcome anyone who seeks it. Initially, after each of the murders, every son had a definite course of actionRead MoreSurface, Depth, And A Reflected World Of Hamlet1830 Words   |  8 PagesWorld of Hamlet Although dynamic characters typically develop through solely personal obstacles, William Shakespeare uses the character of Hamlet as a contradiction by illustrating his growth through other characters. In Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Shakespeare strategically uses Laertes and Fortinbras in order to foil the character of Hamlet. An extended metaphor of a pond is created and through tangled family ties, internal conflict concerning perfection, and the pursuit of justice, Shakespeare is ableRead MoreHamlet Soliloquies Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, portrays Prince Hamlet of Denmark’s life experience and the evolution of his character. The play dramatizes Hamlet’s revenge on his uncle, Claudius, when the ghost of his father, King Hamlet, revealed the truth about his death and what his uncle’s true intentions are. Shakespeare depicts Hamlet’s character by having him speak in soliloquies throughout the play. These sol iloquies provide the ability to tell specific pieces of information that cannot be disclosedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life And Life3795 Words   |  16 PagesResearch Paper March 23, 2016 William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon to John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. Shakespeare was assumedly educated at the King?s New School in Stratford with an ?emphasis on the Latin classics, including memorization, writing, and acting classic Latin plays,? writes an article entitled Shakespeare?s Life, found on Foldger Shakespeare Library. He most likely attended until around age fifteen. In late 1582, Shakespeare at age 18 married Anne HathawayRead MoreRevenge By William Shakespeare s Hamlet1625 Words   |  7 PagesRevenge can be defined as â€Å"the act of retaliating for wrongs received†. William Shakespeare s â€Å"Hamlet† is considered one of his greatest plays and the plot is centered on revenge. Euripides Medea also shares a theme of revenge. While both central characters have been betrayed, resulting in their impending revenge, there is more than one theme of revenge in Hamlet, and there are differences in the ways all decide to handle their betrayals and the outcomes of their actions. In â€Å"Hamlet,† he isRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Essay2474 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet When first introduced to Hamlet he is a character full of pain and confusion, still mourning his father’s death, ‘But two months dead-nay, not so much, not two’.[1] The punctuation here highlights Hamlet’s anguish. Significantly, Hamlet is already portrayed as a misfit, as no one else within the court but Hamlet is wearing mourning clothes; in Shakespeare’s time it would have been worn for at least a year following the death of a king.Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life And Life3055 Words   |  13 PagesResearch Paper March 23, 2016 William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon to John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. Shakespeare was assumedly educated at the King?s New School in Stratford with an ?emphasis on the Latin classics, including memorization, writing, and acting classic Latin plays,? writes an article entitled Shakespeare?s Life, found on Foldger Shakespeare Library. He most likely attended until around age fifteen. In late 1582, Shakespeare at age 18 married Anne HathawayRead MoreAnalysis Of Prince Hamlet By William Shakespeare1517 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, I have chosen to analyze Prince Hamlet in Hamlet by William Shakespeare, Winston Smith in 1984 by George Orwell and lastly The Man in The Road by Cormac McCarthy. Throughout the entirety of Hamlet. Hamlet is shaped into a vengeful murderer unable to love or to act sanely due to his father s ghost chaining him down with the knowledge of his murder. The first example of how the knowledge shaped Hamlet is when Hamlet was first made aware of his father s death, he was plunged into a deep depressionRead MoreAnalysis Of Laura Bohannan s The Bush 980 Words   |  4 Pages Laura Bohannan(1966) in her story Shakespeare in the Bush describes a tribe called Tiv. It is an ethno-linguistic group living in West Africa, occupying remote regions, difficult to reach even by foot. The members of the tribe live in homesteads. In the homestead described by Bohannan( 1966) there were about one hundred forty relatives living together; men, women and children. The elder men of the tribe hold an especially esteemed role. The oldest among them is the leader. Women do not hold

Internet Censorship Essays - 3790 Words

Internet Censorship There is a growing debate about censoring the internet. Some people think that the internet is protected under the first ammendment and cannot be censored. Others think that some of the material that is on the net needs to be filtered and regulated. The word censorship is defined as examining any material and prohibiting what is objectionable, according to Webster’s II dictionary. Censoring the internet is a violation of the first ammendment rights of every citizen in the United States. There are two general truths that some people feel are attitudes towards censoring the internet. The first is that very few people admit to favoring it. The second is that no matter who you are, in a matter of minutes†¦show more content†¦Many teachers try to teach their students responsibility. This can be done in many ways, one of which is through the internet policy in our schools. By not censoring the internet and trusting children to make the right decisions they can get a boost of self-esteem that so many children need these days (Nellen 53). The filtering devices can obstruct a teacher in their quest to teach their students. For example, Ted Nellen wanted to use to obtain some information on the AIDS virus to help him teach his class. He tried to get information of the internet at the school he teaches at and found that to be impossible because the filtering devices that were installed worked (Nellen 53). Another question that needs to be asked is who are the people that are determining whether a site should be filtered or not? Just because they find something offensive does not mean that there is not some one out there who would find the site unoffensive. These people can filter what is put on the internet, so what is stopping them from doing this sort of thing in other areas of American culture. Filtering the internet is not the answer to the problem. Children and adults should be educated on what is right and wrong on the internet and not treated like they are criminals (Nellen 53). The software that is available for the purpose of internet filtering and blocking has been able to block out certain web sites, butShow MoreRelatedCensorship And Censorship Of The Internet985 Words   |  4 Pagesissue of Censorship of the Internet in America has become a trending topic. The internet has been commonly censored to comply with the Digital Millennium Rights Act, but in recent times our government has been requesting more aggressive censorship in order to provide a safer cyberspace. If the American government began to censor the internet, the restriction will result in suppression of freedom of the press, hindering freedom of speech, and reduce the plethora of information on the internet. If AmericaRead MoreInternet Censorship And The Internet941 Words   |  4 Pages More than two decades ago, the Internet was yet to be ubiquitous in the homes of the general public around the world. Today, global users of the Internet has surpassed the 3 billion mark, or approximately 45% of the world population, a trend that is not likely to slow down anytime soon (World Internet Users Statistics and 2015 World Population Stats, 2014). The idealistic vision of self-governance of the Internet has proved to be insufficient and threats to the Internet’s core principles areRead MoreThe Internet and Censorship940 Words   |  4 PagesThe internet is a diverse pool of information that anyone nowadays can have access to. One of the more controversial topics that involves the internet, is the censorship of the internet. Internet censorship can be defined as the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published or viewed on the internet. It’s been hot topic in recent years because many government organizations have been trying to pass many reforms to help push the censorship of the internet, either directly or indirectlyRead More Internet Censorship Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesEveryone has heard of the Internet and how it is going to help set the world free. The Internet is the fastest growing form of communication and is becoming more and more common in the home. Companies these days do big business over the Internet, and online shopping has grown tremendously in the last few years. For instance, the online auction site eBay sells millions of items every year online. Many companies are making even more plans to expand their business to the Internet. Unfortunately, there haveRead MoreInternet Censorship1799 Words   |  8 PagesTechnologies Used In Internet Censorship and Control Murdoch (2013) opines the Internet as an entity where control is always fought over for by those that use it. He further demystifies the internet, breaking it down to the two protocols that define it. These are the transmission control protocol – TCP- and the Internet Protocol –Ip. It is these protocols that enable the connection of two separate networks to each other. The protocols enable the easy connection of separate networks, without theRead MoreCensorship And Censorship Of The Internet1754 Words   |  8 PagesCensorship of the Internet is on the rise in highly populated states today. Although the Internet is considered as one of the most significant tools for the public sphere, many users have decried the Internet’s benefits and seen the Internet as a ‘double-edged sword’. Even as the Internet connects most of the world and gives valuable access to information, the same tool allows access to material that may be considered dangerous or harmfu l. The recent increase in discussion on the act of censorshipRead MoreThe Censorship Of Internet Censorship3057 Words   |  13 Pages Internet Censorship Student’s Name: Institution Name: Internet Censorship Internet censorship refers to the suppression and control of what people can access, publish, or view on the cyberspace (Reynolds, 2014). It may be done by regimes or private firms at the command of the government. It can be a government’s initiative is or carried out by regulators. Organizations and individuals may practice self-censorship for religious, business or moral reasons to comply with societal normsRead More Internet Censorship Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesInternet Censorship The freedom of speech that was possible on the Internet could now be subjected to governmental approvals. For example, China is attempting to restrict political expression, in the name of security and social stability. It requires users of the Internet and electronic mail (e-mail) to register, so that it may monitor their activities. In the United Kingdom, state secrets and personal attacks are off limits on the Internet. Laws are strict and the government is extremely interestedRead MoreInternet Censorship Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Censorship Presently, it seems that the Internet is playing a very important role in everyones daily life. This multipurpose network has many different functions useful for everyday work and entertainment. Due to the freedom of the Internet various debates and protests have come to disagree with its open form of communication. Because of the misuse of the internet many people believe that there should be some kind of internet censorship, while others are against internet censorshipRead More Censorship and the Internet Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation available on the internet many people believe that some of this information should be censored by the United States Government. Whos to say what should be accessible and what should not? Where does it start and stop? Does internet censorship make a nation a safer place to live? There are many countries that don’t allow the use of the internet at all and some countries only censor what they don’t want their citizens to know. Daniel Calingaert said â€Å"The internet has provided greater space

TLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs - 1291 Words

January 24, 2013 TLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to determine the composition of four different over-the-counter drugs (Anacin, Bufferin, Excedrin, and Tylenol). These compositions were determined by using the method of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of the four over-the-counter drugs, which were then compared to four different components of drugs (acetaminophen, aspirin, caffeine, and salicylamide). Experiment Scheme1: Figure 1. Structure formulas1 Under an open flame in the hood, 12 capillary micropipettes were made. Two silica TLC plates were obtained, along with a development chamber. Each plate was prepared and labeled appropriately with a lead pencil.†¦show more content†¦Without the mark, it was hard to differentiate between aspirin and salicylamide when comparing it to the reference spot on the same page, and in comparing it to the sample plate. It was unclear to determine which of the two components were present in Bufferin. Next time, the spots will be marked appropriately as stated and those that fluoresce will receive an â€Å"X†2. Another error that was encountered was mishandling of the plates. It was stated to handle the plates with care and to avoid touching the top because residue would affect the experiment. The oils that are on the body could potentially throw off the result, which in turn leads to misleading data to interpret. It wasn’t until the plate (reference) was placed within the iodine chamber that a fingerprint became noticeable closer to the top. Although it may or may not have caused any significant skews in the data, it was a precaution that was overlooked. Next time, tweezers should be used more often and in the off chance that the hands need to hold the plate, it would be important handle from the edges instead of a big portion on the top. According to the information that was gathered and evaluated from the thin-paper chromatography under UV illumination and iodine analysis, the components of all four of the over-the-counter drugs were determined therefore theShow MoreRelatedThin Layer Chromatography Analysis Of Analgesic Drugs1741 Words   |  7 Pages Experiment 2 Thin Layer Chromatography analysis of analgesic drugs Miten Patel Chemistry 3201 Date 2-2-2017 Objective: To Find the composition of a series of over the counter painkillers using TLC. Chemical Equation: N/A Chemical Mechanism: N/A Safety Considerations: †¢ All Students must wear goggles when dealing with the chemicals in the lab, and wear gloves to protect their skin from the chemicals used. †¢ The capillary tubes are fragile and sharp. For clean-up, the chemicalsRead MoreChromatography of Commercial Analgesics1861 Words   |  8 PagesChromatographic Analysis of a Commercial Analgesic’s Active Component I. Abstract This study on Chromatographic Analysis of a Commercial Analgesic’s Active Component seeks to separate, identify, quantify and analyze the active component found in Biogesic ®, which may be useful for public awareness despite its wide acceptance and availability in the market. Furthermore, this study applies thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique since it is the simplest, cheapest yet most effective approach in termsRead MoreLab Report on TLC analisys of Analgestic Drugs Essay examples1266 Words   |  6 PagesTLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs Introduction In this experiment, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to determine the composition of various over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics: Anacin, Bufferin, Excedrin, and Tylenol. The TLC plates were first viewed under ultraviolet (UV) light and then treated with iodine vapor in order to visualize the spotting. Experiment Scheme Initially, sixteen capillary micropipets were created in order to spot the TLC plates. Two TLC plates were then obtainedRead MoreParacetamol For Fight Fever And Pain927 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most used drug to fight fever and pain currently due to its antipyretic and analgesic properties. The aim of the experiment is the production of paracetamol by formation of an amide bound between the amine group of p-aminophenol and the carbonyl group of acetic anhydride. Furthermore, drugs used in humans must pass Quality Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) in order to ensure the purity of the substance. In the current experiment, methods such as melting point range analysis, Thin Layer ChromatographyRead MoreThin Layer Chromatography and Column Chromatography2559 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Chromatography is a technique used to separate a mixture into its individual components. In this experiment, chromatography is done by using a thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate and filter paper. The word ‘chromatography’ itself means the separation of colours. However, nowadays, both coloured and colourless compound are used in chromatography by various methods. In chromatography, the separation process of mixture is mainly based upon the polarity and molecular weight of sampleRead MorePRACTICAL REPORT ON THE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CODEINE AND PARACETAMOL1201 Words   |  5 Pagesmethyl morphine, an alkaloid, was first isolated in 1832 from raw opium. It concentration ranges from 0.2% to 0.8%. Mostly used for its analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrheal capabilities (Tremlett, Anderson and Wolf, 2010). Paracetamol also known as acetaminophen (n-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) on the other hand, is a useful non- steroidal anti- inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is commonly used in the management of pain and fever in a variety of patients (Kamberi, et al., 2004). Read MoreHigh Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method701 Words   |  3 Pagesfor the compound was above 95 %. No spectral or chromatographic interferences from the microemulsion excipients were found. The drug was found to be labile under oxidative stress condition; whereas, it was stable under all other stress conditions. This method is rapid and simple and does not require any sample preparation thus is suitable for routine quality control analysis. Keywords Buprenorphine hydrochloride, High-performance liquid chromatography, Microemulsion formulation, forced degradationRead MoreSynthesis Of P Hydroxy Acetanilide1067 Words   |  5 Pagesred spectra for the starting product and the recrystallized and dried product were obtained and compared, and a TLC was run comparing the starting and finishing material. The melting point range of the final product was measured and compared to the literature melting point. Introduction P-Hydroxy acetanilide (paracetamol), molecular formula C8H9NO2, is a painkilling drug (analgesic). It works as a painkiller by inhibiting pain pathways in the central nervous system and in turn dampens the body’sRead MoreEffects Of Anatomical Parts Of Ephedra Sinica1978 Words   |  8 Pagesmainstream medicine; an example being the virtual disappearance within the UK of ephedrine in asthma medications which has been replaced with other drugs such as salbutamol (Lee 2011). Instead, ephedrine became a popular ingredient in nutritional supplements, which have been associated with cardiac toxicity in humans, alongside the synthesis of illegal street drugs. The 1R, 2S-ephedrine isomer, commonly known as the ÃŽ ²-hydroxy analogue of methamphetamine (Solanki et al., 2014) and the 1S, 2S-pseudoephedrineRead MorePansit Pansitan Research5452 Words   |  22 Pageshand soap in terms of Total Mean Zone of Inhibition, Reactivity Rating and Inhibitory Activity Rating will be determined. To do this, all the samples will be submitted to the Department of Science and Technology-Taguig (DOST-Taguig) for laboratory analysis. To analyze the results, they will be subjected to t-test. This will identify if there is a significant difference among the set-ups. Definition of Terms 1. Inhibitory Activity- the ability of a substance to resist the penetration of microorganisms

Valley Medical Center Integrated Information Systems

Question: Discuss about the Valley Medical Center and 3 Sister Clinics Feasibility of Moving From Traditional All Paper to Modern Integrated Information Systems? Answer: Introduction Valley death hospital and 3 sisters Clinic is a private hospital which has been dedicated to the provision of various medical and counseling services. It has brought on board competent professionals who have been playing a significant role in its service delivery and quality. It offers a variety of services such as rehabilitation services, hospice, dementia treatment and all other medical disorder which needs medics attention. In the past, Valey hospital has been totally using paperwork to accomplish various activities. The method was time-consuming and prone to a lot of errors, it was subjecting employees to anxiety and stress. By the use of paperwork, the company has been suffering from lack of space due to the use of stores to keep documents. Therefore, the company has seen it wise to replace the old system by the new modern system which involves the use computers (desktops) networks, servers, ipads, desktops, and iPods. The replacement of paperwork to modernized integrated inform ation systems will enhance efficiency in service delivery and increment in productivity of the Hospital. The decision was reached when the clients and patients were complaining about the time is taken for one to move from one department to another while seeking for medication (Yeung, 2010, p.23). They believed that with the adoption of this new system, there will be a perfect combination of human capital (labor) and capital to boost total productivity or output. The new system will also enhance proper linkage from one department to another hence easy flow of information. Proper information flow will enable management to coordinate the activities in various departments to foster faster achievement of objectives and high level of efficiency. The hospital is normally engaging in various activities which need more modern and sophisticated systems. They indulge in making orders for the drugs, keeping of patients records of transactions and data, making necessary arrangements for referrals and admissions and keeping of employees salaries and remunerations. It is very tedious for all these documents to be kept entirely in shelves and safes hence adopting new method will do more good than harm (Vining, Pence, Hawkins, 2012, p.34). The new system will enable the linkage of departments by the use of networks to enhance the flow of operations. The information flow through the network inter-linkage can be demonstrated in the diagram below . Coordination becomes very hard when the company uses the traditional methods. So the new system will be very viable for proper coordination among the employees in each department without unnecessary physical movement. It will thus save on space and time. Even though the hospital is contemplating to adopt the new method of the information system, there is a cost embedded in it. So the company should be able to lay down strategies which might make it succeed. Besides, the management must identify the risks which shall accrue as a result of the adoption of the modern mechanisms and commit to introducing precautions to mitigate them. They should also develop a statement of clear roles and responsibilities and divide labor according to areas of specialization. Besides, monitoring and compliance should also be another key issue to consider since some employees can adopt the ad hoc methods to achieve the certain goal while ignoring the procedures to be followed. To achieve the courses mentioned above of action, the employees should embrace the spirit of togetherness and support to one another. The above factors are very crucial in the determination of the benefits got by the hospital. The identified benefits which have been identified in the hospital may be categorized as tangible and intangible benefits. The tangible and intangible benefits include the hospital managing to have real time data. The data will be very relevant to the entire department as far as decision making is concerned. Proper flow of data from the communication department to doctors department up to the pharmacy section will improve thus, efficiency in service delivery which leads to satisfaction of customers. Through integrated information system, there will be proper communication which will enable stakeholders of Valley Hospital to work as a team since they have the same information. The process then saves time and limits confusion and mismatch among departments. Besides, the incorporation of the new system will aid in the reduction of human error since there is no replication of data. The availabili ty of data in one location system makes it easy for the employees and the management team to access and use it with a lot of ease. It also enables the management to control the information that is very confidential for the hospital and should not be availed to the junior employees or other outsiders. The above system is very sophisticated and for it to work, the following assumptions must be made. All workers are willing for change and ready to move from paperwork to the modernized integrated information systems. The Valley Hospitals and Clinic have the necessary resources which they will be using to implement the new system. All the stakeholders are for the idea, and they are fully supporting it and are fully for its success. Workers are informed and can be able to use the new technology and other gadgets like computers ipads and iPods to analyzes data and give the relevant report which can propel the hospital to achieving its main objectives However, the integration of the patients information comes with its disadvantages. When the patients information are kept in the centralized location in a computer or google drive, there might be interference due to internet security problems. The problems which are mainly associated with the new system include malware and social engineering attacks and redundancy of applications. These security risks mainly arise both from the internal and external environment. The gangs use the ransomware to interfere with the healthcare data. The ransomware encrypts servers containing the patient's information and thus hold them on ransom for a large sum of money. These coupled with the regulations put forth by HITECH and HIPPA posits a challenge for the implementation. Valley hospital and clinic then should provide an efficient strategy for monitoring and protect the servers so that the patient's data cannot be manipulated in any way. However, as the organization is undergoing transition, the man agement should not forget that paper work is still core. For that matter, they should not burn or dispose of them since references can be made when a misunderstanding arises. Cost benefit analysis It involves the determination of the costs associated with the project and its respective benefit hence a comparison can be made. For the analysis to be a success, the number of years and the interest earned should be taken into consideration (Saltelli, Chan, Scott, 2000, p.4). The accounting tool of analysis is based on the following principles which govern and control its operations. They include For the analysis to be carried out, there must be a common unit of measurements. The benefits are supposed to be measured by the market choices Some measurement of benefits requires valuation of human life The double counting of benefits and costs must be avoided at all costs In case of valley hospital and clinic, the costs associated with this new project(implementation of modern integrated information system) can be given as shown below. Base Case Sensitivity Analysis (Range) System costs Software (annual license) $6,000 $3,500$11,000 Implementation $4,000 Support and maintenance $ 3,000 $1,000-$7,000 Hardware (computers + network, hand held devices) $12,000 $7,000-$24,000 Induced costs Temporary productivity loss $15,000 $6,000-$29,000 Total $40,000 On the other hand, the benefits of the implementation process include Annual Amount Before Implementation Expected Savings (Benefits) After Implementation Amount Base Case Estimated Saving Benefits after implementation Transcription $10,600 30% 3180 Adverse drug events $5,500 32% 1760 Drug utilization $113,000 14% 15820 Laboratory utilization $30,600 9.8% 2998.8 Radiology utilization $49,100 15% 7365 Charge capture $400,100 4% 16000 Billing errors $8,600 80% 6880 Total $617,500 $54003.8 The total costs are $40000 while the total benefits are 54003.8.Taking the project period to be 5year and the rate to be 10% The present value of benefit is given as B (1+r/100)^-n 54003.8(1+10/100)^-5 = $33532.111 The present value of costs is given as B (1+r/100)^-n =40000(1+10/100) ^-5 =$24836.8 Benefits cost ratio is given by BCR=discounted benefits/discounted costs =$33532.111/$24836.8 = 1.35 Sensitivity analysis Given the costs and benefits above, we can be able to carry out the sensitivity analysis by the use of 5% and 7% respectively. Let's take a period of 5 years Benefits and costs PVIF5% PV PVIF7% PV Costs 40000 0.7835 31340 0.71298 28519.2 Benefits 54003.8 0.7835 42311.98 0.71298 38,503.6 Net benefit 14003.8 10971.98 9984.4 At 5% discount, the net present value of the benefit is higher as compared to 7% rate as shown in the figure above. The payback period analysis The cash flow is 54003.8 while the period is 5years with a discount rate of 10%.if the profit was 54003.8 for the whole five years, and then the benefits per year will be( 54003.8/5=10801.66) Year Cash-flow Accumulative cashflow Number of years 1 10801.66 21603.32 1 2 10801.66 32404.98 2 3 10801.66 (7595.02/10801.66)*12 8 months 4 10801.66 5 10801.66 But the cost was 40000, then (40000-32404.98)=7595.02 Then the payback period for this project is 2 years and 8 months Risks associated with the projects The main risks which are associated with this project may include the technological risks, service delivery risks and organizational risks Technological risks These are risks arising as a result of employing new technology into the systems. There is high possibility that the systems may fail and interfere with the general flow of the information. If the management has not taken good measure for this, the valley hospital and clinic can lose data which results to chaos and confusions. Besides, some employees will be laid off with the new system. Organizational risks Some of the employees and senior management team who does not like the transition can mean to default the whole process. Therefore, the implementers and those who are concerned should take a keen look at the issues about implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Service delivery risks Some employees might not have understood the whole modified information system hence lowers the service delivery. The management then should take a keen look at such issues and eventually make the necessary arrangements for training purposes for such employees. Evaluation of Economic, Schedule, Technical Operational Feasibility of Project Economic feasibility From the above analysis, the present value of the benefits is higher than the discounted costs. Therefore, it shows that the project is viable and should be accepted for implementation. While carrying out the sensitivity analysis at different rates, it is evident that the higher the interest rates, the lower the present values.so an optimum interest rate ra10% was chosen. The project when implemented should bring back the initial capital outlay after a period of 2 years and 8 months which is very viable. Technical feasibility The transition was not very easy since it demanded a high level of technology. Thanks to the implementers who work so hard towards achieving various objective within a period of five years. Operational feasibility The new technology in a modernized information system is good for the operational activities within the hospitals.it was embraced by the staff and almost accepted its implementation. However, some of the employees found it very hard to incorporate until they turned to be against it. The management then should set some strategies which shall enhance the incorporation of all employees in the systems. Project schedules Description Period Identification of the need for change and its analysis 4 months Assessment of Staff Re-Engineering and the Interface of this Process with systems re-engineering 3months Identification of the type of technology to be used in the hospital 3months Development of the implementation layout and design 3 months Training of staff and key stakeholders 5 months Implementation of the new system 3 years Tests and debug systems/evaluation 3 months Review of the process if an error as occurred 3 months Conclusion Transformation posits a challenge to every organization. Valley hospital is not left behind. When they were in the process of adopting the new information system, they faced some challenges but managed to overcome them. The implementation process was very successful as revealed by the cost-benefits analysis. When the sensitivity analysis was carried out by various exchange rates, the present value of benefits and costs were declining as interest rates increase. Thus, the project is prone to acquiring very small returns if at all the discount rate increases. However, by the use of BCR of 1.35, the project is viable to be implemented. References Choi,K.K., Kim,N.H. (2005).Structural sensitivity analysis and optimization. New York: Springer Science+Business Media. European Commission, Seminar "SAMO Summer School". (2009).Sensitivity analysis: Part g. Luxembourg: EUR-OP. Miller,D., Patassini,D. (2005).Beyond benefit cost analysis: Accounting for non-market values in planning evaluation. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate. National Research Council (U.S.). (2014).Review of EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Process. Saltelli,A., Chan,K., Scott,E.M. (2000).Sensitivity analysis. Chichester: Wiley. Sloboda,Z., Global Assessment Programme on Drug Abuse, United Nations International Drug Control Programme. (2003).Developing an integrated drug information system: Toolkit module 1. New York: United Nations. United States. (1980).Elevating to the wave crest level: A benefit : cost analysis. Washington: Federal Emergency Management Agency. Vining,B., Pence,D., Hawkins,R. (2012).IBM System I APIs at Work. Double Oak: MC Press, LLC. Water Resources Planning and Management Conference, Wilson,E.M. (2004).WRPMD 1999: Preparing for the 21st century. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, Palmer,R.N. (2010).World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010: Challenges of change : proceedings of the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010, May 16-20, Providence, Rhode Island. Reston, Va.: American Society of Civil Engineers. Yeung,D.S. (2010).Sensitivity analysis for neural networks.

Rules of Mariige During the 14th Century free essay sample

The Rules of Marriage During the Fourteenth Century The rules of marriage during the fourteen century were really different to the rules of marriage today. The play Romeo and Juliet took place in the fourteenth century which meant that the marriage rules applied to them. . Obedience, blessings and Finances from both sets of parents were needed for someone to get married during the fourteenth century. During the fourteenth century the parents had to choose a husband for their daughter’s. Girls couldn’t choose their own husband. Romeo and Juliet wanted to get married but Juliet’s parents had to choose the husband for her and they chose County Paris. In the fourteenth century marriages were done by arrangement. Marriages were arranged for social, economic and political reasons. Women were not allowed to choose who they wanted to marry. However, sometimes men were able to choose their bride. Marriage was not based on love. We will write a custom essay sample on Rules of Mariige During the 14th Century or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Husbands and wives were generally strangers until they first met. If love was involved at all it came after the couple had been married. Even if love did not develop through marriage, the couple generally developed a friendship of some sort. The arrangement of marriage was done by the childrens parents. In the fourteenth century children were married at a young age. Girls were as young as 12 when they married, and boys as young as 17. The arrangement of the marriage was based on monetary worth. The family of the girl who was to be married gives a dowry, or donation, to the boy she is to marry. The dowry goes with her at the time of the marriage and stays with the boy forever. But today couples marry each other because they actually love one another. They don’t do it because they have to; they do it because they want to. Also, a girl’s parents doesn’t choose their husband for her they choose their own. The rules of marriages during the fourteenth century apply to Romeo and Juliet. Juliet wanted to marry Romeo but her parents had the right to choose the husband for her. The Montague’s who were Juliet’s parents were enemies with the Capulet’s which were Romeo’s parents. That made it very unlikely for the Montague’s to choose Romeo as Juliet’s husband. They chose County Paris to marry Juliet. She couldn’t do anything about it. She never told her parents about her love with Romeo fearing their reaction towards her about loving one of the Capulet’s. The rules of marriage back then did apply to Romeo and Juliet which made them unable to get married. The only way they could’ve got married was if the Montague’s chose Romeo as Juliet’s husband. But since each of their families were enemies it was impossible.